1,269 results on '"Point-of-care diagnostics"'
Search Results
2. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases.
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Song, Yang, Chen, Binru, Fang, Jun, Neyyan, Josephine, Davila, Raul, Lee, Brandon, Wu, Benjamin, Soto, Jennifer, Li, Song, and Linsley, Chase
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3D printing ,biofabrication ,biomaterials ,disease modeling ,organ-on-a-chip ,point-of-care diagnostics - Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
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- 2023
3. Ultrasensitive and Visible Detection of Influenza A Virus Based on Enzymatic Properties of Layered Gold Nanoparticles.
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Jeong, Eunji, Park, Geunseon, Kim, Jinyoung, Lee, Sojeong, Park, Chaewon, Lim, Jong‐Woo, Yeom, Minjoo, Song, Daesub, and Haam, Seungjoo
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GOLD nanoparticles , *INFLUENZA A virus , *INFLUENZA viruses , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *OPACITY (Optics) - Abstract
Considering the urgent demand for reliable and rapid detection of infectious respiratory viruses during unpredictable pandemics, an innovative ultrasensitive colorimetric immunoassay for influenza A (H1N1) virus detection is developed herein. The proposed approach leverages dual amplification by combining layer‐by‐layer interactions with the nanozyme effect of biotinylated gold nanoparticles (BGNPs). BGNPs assemble around the target via repeated incubation cycles under optimized conditions, resulting in a layered structure that increases optical density, producing a more intense signal proportional to the viral titer. Additionally, the nanozyme effect of the layered BGNPs induces oxidation of 3,3',5,5'‐tetramethylbenzidine, which further enhances the visible signal detectable by the naked eye. This synergetic nanoprobe‐based system demonstrates remarkable sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 101.29 EID50 mL−1, which is 2500‐fold higher than that of commercial rapid kits and conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, within a rapid 55 min timeframe. Furthermore, the anti‐interference capability and portability of the developed system reinforce its practicality, making it a promising tool for field diagnostic tests that offers advanced, ultrasensitive, and early detection of respiratory viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Integrating Bio-Sensing Array with Blood Plasma Separation on a Centrifugal Platform
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Peshin, Snehan, Madou, Marc, and Kulinsky, Lawrence
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Clinical Research ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Centrifugation ,Immunoassay ,Plasma ,centrifugal microfluidics ,microfluidic valving ,point-of-care diagnostics ,Lab-on-CD ,Analytical Chemistry ,Environmental Science and Management ,Ecology ,Distributed Computing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Numerous immunoassays have been successfully integrated on disc-based centrifugal platforms (CDs) over the last 20 years. These CD devices can be used as portable point-of-care (POC) platforms with sample-to-answer capabilities where bodily fluids such as whole blood can be used as samples directly without pre-processing. In order to use whole blood as a sample on CDs, centrifugation is used to separate red blood cells from plasma on CDs. There are several techniques for using specific fluidic patterns in the centrifugal fluidic network, such as reciprocation, that enhances the sensitivity of the immunoassays, including those using microarray antigen membranes. Present work demonstrates, for the first time, simultaneous integration of blood plasma separation (BPS) and reciprocation on the CD platform. The integrated design allows plasma that is separated from the red blood cells in a sedimentation chamber to flow into the reciprocation chamber via a narrow connecting channel of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm cross-section. Due to the small cross-section of the connecting channel, there is no inflow of the red blood cell into the reciprocation chamber during subsequent fluidic operations of the CD. While no inflow of the red blood cells into the reciprocation chamber was observed, the conditions of 20 g jerk acceleration were also simulated in ANSYS finite element analysis software, and it was found that the CD design that was used is capable of retaining red blood cells in the sedimentation chamber. Experimentally, the isolation of red blood cells in the sedimentation chamber was confirmed using the ImageJ image processor to detect the visible color-based separation of the plasma from the blood. A fluorescent analyte testing on the bio-sensing array of the presented novel integrated design and on the standard reciprocation design CD was conducted for 7 min of reciprocation in each case. The test analyte was Europium Streptavidin Polystyrene analyte (10-3 mg/mL) and the microarray consisted of Biotin bovine serum albumin (BSA) dots. The fluorescent signals for the standard and integrated designs were nearly identical (within the margin of error) for the first several minutes of reciprocation, but the fluorescent signal for the integrated design was significantly higher when the reciprocation time was increased to 7 min.
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- 2023
5. Ultrasensitive and Visible Detection of Influenza A Virus Based on Enzymatic Properties of Layered Gold Nanoparticles
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Eunji Jeong, Geunseon Park, Jinyoung Kim, Sojeong Lee, Chaewon Park, Jong‐Woo Lim, Minjoo Yeom, Daesub Song, and Seungjoo Haam
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avidin–biotin binding ,gold nanoparticles ,influenza A virus detection ,nanozyme effects ,point‐of‐care diagnostics ,signal amplification ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Considering the urgent demand for reliable and rapid detection of infectious respiratory viruses during unpredictable pandemics, an innovative ultrasensitive colorimetric immunoassay for influenza A (H1N1) virus detection is developed herein. The proposed approach leverages dual amplification by combining layer‐by‐layer interactions with the nanozyme effect of biotinylated gold nanoparticles (BGNPs). BGNPs assemble around the target via repeated incubation cycles under optimized conditions, resulting in a layered structure that increases optical density, producing a more intense signal proportional to the viral titer. Additionally, the nanozyme effect of the layered BGNPs induces oxidation of 3,3',5,5'‐tetramethylbenzidine, which further enhances the visible signal detectable by the naked eye. This synergetic nanoprobe‐based system demonstrates remarkable sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 101.29 EID50 mL−1, which is 2500‐fold higher than that of commercial rapid kits and conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, within a rapid 55 min timeframe. Furthermore, the anti‐interference capability and portability of the developed system reinforce its practicality, making it a promising tool for field diagnostic tests that offers advanced, ultrasensitive, and early detection of respiratory viruses.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Rapid and sensitive point-of-care diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection using RPA-CRISPR technology
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Kihye Shin, Gil Myeong Seong, Jeong Rae Yoo, and Eui Tae Kim
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Human cytomegalovirus ,HCMV ,Point-of-care diagnostics ,Recombinase polymerase amplification ,CRISPR diagnosis ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common herpesvirus that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild conditions such as fevers to severe illnesses like pneumonia. Early and accurate diagnosis of HCMV infection is crucial, particularly for vulnerable populations with limited medical care. However, current diagnostic methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and require skilled technicians. Materials and methods: We developed an HCMV-RPA-CRISPR diagnosis platform for the rapid and cost-effective detection of HCMV infection. This method utilizes recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to amplify the HCMV target gene isothermally without the need for thermal cycling equipment. The platform integrates the CRISPR/Cas12a system, significantly enhancing specificity and sensitivity. A total of 13 clinical blood samples were tested to evaluate the platform's effectiveness and accuracy. Additionally, a lateral flow assay (LFA) and fluorescence detection were incorporated for straightforward and rapid visual interpretation of the results. Results: The assay effectively detected concentrations as low as a single copy of the positive control plasmid per microliter in under 1 h, without requiring specialized equipment or training. In clinical sample evaluations, both the fluorescence readout and LFA exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, identifying four HCMV-positive and nine HCMV-negative samples. Conclusion: The HCMV-RPA-CRISPR diagnosis platform is comparably effective to qPCR for HCMV diagnosis. Its applicability in common clinical laboratories, clinics, and point-of-care settings, particularly in resource-limited environments, makes it a valuable tool for widespread HCMV screening and diagnosis.
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- 2024
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7. From Body Monitoring to Biomolecular Sensing: Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Point-of-Care Diagnostics.
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Zhao, Zequan, Mi, Yajun, Ur Rehman, Hafeez, Sun, Enqi, Cao, Xia, and Wang, Ning
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NANOGENERATORS , *POINT-of-care testing , *BIOLOGICAL monitoring , *MECHANICAL energy , *MEDICAL equipment , *MICROFLUIDICS , *ARTIFICIAL implants - Abstract
In the constantly evolving field of medical diagnostics, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a groundbreaking innovation for simultaneously harnessing mechanical energy from micromovements and sensing stimuli from both the human body and the ambient environment. This advancement diminishes the dependence of biosensors on external power sources and paves the way for the application of TENGs in self-powered medical devices, especially in the realm of point-of-care diagnostics. In this review, we delve into the functionality of TENGs in point-of-care diagnostics. First, from the basic principle of how TENGs effectively transform subtle physical movements into electrical energy, thereby promoting the development of self-powered biosensors and medical devices that are particularly advantageous for real-time biological monitoring. Then, the adaptable design of TENGs that facilitate customization to meet individual patient needs is introduced, with a focus on their biocompatibility and safety in medical applications. Our in-depth analysis also covers TENG-based biosensor designs moving toward exceptional sensitivity and specificity in biomarker detection, for accurate and efficient diagnoses. Challenges and future prospects such as the integration of TENGs into wearable and implantable devices are also discussed. We aim for this review to illuminate the burgeoning field of TENG-based intelligent devices for continuous, real-time health monitoring; and to inspire further innovation in this captivating area of research that is in line with patient-centered healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Retrospective evaluation of admission total plasma protein as a predictor of red blood cell transfusion requirement in dogs diagnosed with traumatic and nontraumatic hemoabdomen: 90 dogs (2009–2019).
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Buseman, Miranda, Blong, April E., Yuan, Lingnan, Mochel, Jonathan P., and Walton, Rebecca A. L.
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RED blood cell transfusion , *DOGS , *BLOOD proteins , *DOG walking , *HEMORHEOLOGY , *POINT-of-care testing , *VETERINARY hospitals - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association of admission total plasma protein (TPP) and the administration of red blood cell transfusions in dogs with diagnosed hemoabdomen. To secondarily evaluate additional point‐of‐care parameters associated with red blood cell transfusion administration. Design: Retrospective study between 2009 and 2019. Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Ninety dogs admitted to a university veterinary teaching hospital after a diagnosis of traumatic or nontraumatic hemoabdomen (NTH). Measurements and Main Results: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, point‐of‐care diagnostics, and transfusion administration information was recorded. A total of 47 dogs (traumatic hemoabdomen 11/26; NTH 36/64) received packed red blood cell transfusions. For each 1 g/dL unit decrease in TPP, dogs had an increased odds ratio (OR) of 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–3.40, P < 0.001) of receiving a red blood cell transfusion. Dogs diagnosed with NTH were more likely to receive a red blood cell transfusion than dogs with a traumatic hemoabdomen (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.11–7.141, P = 0.03). Lower PCV values (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12, P < 0.001), bicarbonate values (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.09–1.56, P = 0.003), and base excess (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.1–1.49, P = 0.003) were associated with a higher likelihood of red blood cell transfusion. Additionally, higher lactate (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16–1.63, P < 0.001) and Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE)fast scores (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17, P < 0.001) were associated with increased red blood cell transfusion administration. Conclusions: Low admission TPP, independent of low PCV, was associated with red blood cell transfusions regardless of underlying cause. For each 1 g/dL unit decrease in TPP on presentation, dogs were approximately 2 times more likely to receive a red blood cell transfusion during hospitalization. Other factors that were associated with increased transfusion administration included presenting PCV, PCV/TPP ratio, bicarbonate, base excess, lactate, and APPLEfast scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Current and upcoming point-of-care diagnostics for schistosomiasis.
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Rivera, Jonas, Mu, Yi, Gordon, Catherine A., Jones, Malcolm K., Cheng, Guofeng, and Cai, Pengfei
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POINT-of-care testing , *SCHISTOSOMIASIS , *NUCLEIC acid isolation methods , *OPTICAL devices , *CELL phones , *BLACKBERRIES - Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been widely developed and assessed for the screening of schistosomiasis. Recent advances have rapidly facilitated the development of molecular-based POC diagnostics for schistosomiasis. Assisted by artificial intelligence, smartphone-based optical devices, such the SchistoScope, provide a cost-effective and easy-to-deploy POC diagnostic for urinary schistosomiasis. New approaches have been used to improve reliable readout of schistosomiasis lateral flow assays (LFAs). Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are simple and effective portable tools that can be used for fast mapping of helminthic diseases and monitoring control programs. Most POC tests (POCTs) available for schistosomiasis diagnosis are lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). The emergence of simple and rapid DNA isolation methods, along with isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategies – for example, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) – and recent clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostic methods facilitate the development of molecular-based POC diagnostics for schistosomiasis. Furthermore, smartphone-based techniques increase real-time connectivity and readout accuracy of POCTs. This review discusses the recent advances in immunological-, molecular-based POCTs and mobile phone microscopes for the diagnosis/screening of schistosomiasis. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are simple and effective portable tools that can be used for fast mapping of helminthic diseases and monitoring control programs. Most POC tests (POCTs) available for schistosomiasis diagnosis are lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). The emergence of simple and rapid DNA isolation methods, along with isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategies – for example, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) – and recent clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostic methods facilitate the development of molecular-based POC diagnostics for schistosomiasis. Furthermore, smartphone-based techniques increase real-time connectivity and readout accuracy of POCTs. This review discusses the recent advances in immunological-, molecular-based POCTs and mobile-phone microscopes for the diagnosis/screening of schistosomiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Sample-to-answer lateral flow assay with integrated plasma separation and NT-proBNP detection
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Strohmaier-Nguyen, Dan, Horn, Carina, and Baeumner, Antje J.
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- 2024
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11. A Portable Plasmonic Biosensor Kit for Diagnostics of Sexually Transmitted Infection
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Cetin, Arif E.
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- 2024
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12. Next-Generation Microfluidics for Biomedical Research and Healthcare Applications.
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Deliorman, Muhammedin, Ali, Dima Samer, and Qasaimeh, Mohammad A
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MEDICAL research , *MICROFLUIDICS , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *POINT-of-care testing , *HUMAN activity recognition - Abstract
Microfluidic systems offer versatile biomedical tools and methods to enhance human convenience and health. Advances in these systems enables next-generation microfluidics that integrates automation, manipulation, and smart readout systems, as well as design and three-dimensional (3D) printing for precise production of microchannels and other microstructures rapidly and with great flexibility. These 3D-printed microfluidic platforms not only control the complex fluid behavior for various biomedical applications, but also serve as microconduits for building 3D tissue constructs—an integral component of advanced drug development, toxicity assessment, and accurate disease modeling. Furthermore, the integration of other emerging technologies, such as advanced microscopy and robotics, enables the spatiotemporal manipulation and high-throughput screening of cell physiology within precisely controlled microenvironments. Notably, the portability and high precision automation capabilities in these integrated systems facilitate rapid experimentation and data acquisition to help deepen our understanding of complex biological systems and their behaviors. While certain challenges, including material compatibility, scaling, and standardization still exist, the integration with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, smart materials, and miniaturization holds tremendous promise in reshaping traditional microfluidic approaches. This transformative potential, when integrated with advanced technologies, has the potential to revolutionize biomedical research and healthcare applications, ultimately benefiting human health. This review highlights the advances in the field and emphasizes the critical role of the next generation microfluidic systems in advancing biomedical research, point-of-care diagnostics, and healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Point of Care Tests: Changing Paradigms in the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Sharma, Anuradha, Chourasia, Ekta, and Goswami, Shubham
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POINT-of-care testing , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SARS-CoV-2 , *DIAGNOSIS , *TURNAROUND time - Abstract
Background: Point of care tests provide rapid information about the patient's condition, with a turnaround time of 15 min. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many such point of care tests were developed, to aid in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection. Aim: To describe and synthesize the available literature on point of care tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: This narrative review was done through online literature search, using Google Scholar and PubMed. Result: There were 51 point of care tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 which were validated using different samples, such as such as nasopharyngeal swabs(42), oropharyngeal and naso-pharyngealswabs(2), oropharyngeal swab in VTM(1) nasal swabs(5) and throat swab(1). Conclusion: There was global developement of point of care tests on a war footing. The Indian states of Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana, Rajasthan, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Goa and Uttarakhand, were in the forefront of these developments, as also the USA, Belgium, Taiwan, Korea and South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Prokaryotic Argonaute Proteins: A New Frontier in Point-of-Care Viral Diagnostics.
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Sun, Kai, Liu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Ma, Biao, Zhang, Mingzhou, Yu, Xiaoping, and Ye, Zihong
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ARGONAUTE proteins , *POINT-of-care testing , *COMPLEMENTARY DNA , *COVID-19 pandemic , *VIRUS diseases , *NUCLEIC acids - Abstract
The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the critical need for rapid and precise viral detection technologies. Point-of-care (POC) technologies, which offer immediate and accurate testing at or near the site of patient care, have become a cornerstone of modern medicine. Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgo), proficient in recognizing target RNA or DNA with complementary sequences, have emerged as potential game-changers. pAgo present several advantages over the currently popular CRISPR/Cas systems-based POC diagnostics, including the absence of a PAM sequence requirement, the use of shorter nucleic acid molecules as guides, and a smaller protein size. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pAgo protein detection platforms and critically assesses their potential in the field of viral POC diagnostics. The objective is to catalyze further research and innovation in pAgo nucleic acid detection and diagnostics, ultimately facilitating the creation of enhanced diagnostic tools for clinic viral infections in POC settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Evaluation of predictive models to determine final outcome for feedlot cattle based on information available at first treatment for bovine respiratory disease.
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Heinen, Lilli, White, Brad J., Amrine, David E., and Larson, Robert L.
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PREDICTION models , *RESPIRATORY diseases , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *BEEF cattle , *DECISION trees , *BOS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictive model ability to determine whether an animal finished the feeding period using data known at first treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Additional comparisons evaluated the potential benefits of predictions by adding weather data, utilizing balancing techniques, and creating models for individual feedyards. ANIMALS: This retrospective study included animal, pen, and feedyard data from 12 US feedyards from 2016 to 2021. The final dataset consisted of 96,382 BRD cases of which 14.2% did not finish the feeding phase. PROCEDURES: Five predictive models were trained and underwent threshold probability adjustment to maximize F1 score. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). RESULTS: Overall, model performance was low with a median AUC value of 0.675. The addition of weather data had little effect on AUC but resulted in more variation in sensitivity and specificity. Resampling the dataset had a limited effect on performance. Individual feedlot models had higher AUC values than others with the decision tree typically performing best in most feedyards. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated some utility of predictive models evaluating BRD cases to predict cattle that did not finish the feeding phase. These models could be valuable in assisting health providers making decisions on individual cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Point-of-care diagnostics for rapid determination of prostate cancer biomarker sarcosine: application of disposable potentiometric sensor based on oxide-conductive polymer nanocomposite.
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Yamani, Hend Z., Safwat, Nardine, Mahmoud, Amr M., Ayad, Miriam F., Abdel-Ghany, Maha F., and Gomaa, Mohammed M.
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RAPID diagnostic tests , *POINT-of-care testing , *CONDUCTING polymer composites , *PROSTATE cancer , *TUNGSTEN trioxide , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials - Abstract
One of the most important reasons for an increased mortality rate of cancer is late diagnosis. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic sensors can provide rapid and cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring of cancer biomarkers. Portable, disposable, and sensitive sarcosine solid-contact ion-selective potentiometric sensors (SC-ISEs) were fabricated as POC analyzers for the rapid determination of the prostate cancer biomarker sarcosine. Tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs), polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI NPs), and PANI-WO3 nanocomposite were used as ion-to-electron transducers on screen-printed sensors. WO3 NPs and PANI-WO3 nanocomposite have not been investigated before as ion-to-electron transducer layers in potentiometric SC sensors. The designated sensors were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and EIS. The inclusion of WO3 and PANI in SC sensors enhanced the transduction at the interface between the screen-printed SC and the ion-selective membrane, offering lower potential drift, a longer lifetime, shorter response time, and better sensitivity. The proposed sarcosine sensors exhibited Nernstian slopes over linear response ranges 10−3–10−7 M, 10−3–10−8 M, 10−5–10−9 M, and 10−7–10−12 M for control, WO3 NPs, PANI NPs, and PANI-WO3 nanocomposite-based sensors, respectively. From a comparative point of view between the four sensors, PANI-WO3 nanocomposite inclusion offered the lowest potential drift (0.5 mV h−1), the longest lifetime (4 months), and the best LOD (9.95 × 10−13 M). The proposed sensors were successfully applied to determine sarcosine as a potential prostate cancer biomarker in urine without prior sample treatment steps. The WHO ASSURED criteria for point-of-care diagnostics are met by the proposed sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases.
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Soto, Jennifer, Linsley, Chase, Song, Yang, Chen, Binru, Fang, Jun, Neyyan, Josephine, Davila, Raul, Lee, Brandon, Wu, Benjamin, and Li, Song
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COMMUNICABLE diseases , *COVID-19 , *COVID-19 treatment , *DIAGNOSIS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Point-of-Care Devices in Healthcare: A Public Health Perspective
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Zarnegar, Armita, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Daimi, Kevin, editor, Alsadoon, Abeer, editor, and Seabra Dos Reis, Sara, editor
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- 2023
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19. Engineered Electroactive Solutions for Electrochemical Detection of Tuberculosis-Associated Volatile Organic Biomarkers
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Willis, Christina N, Larson, Shaylee R, Andama, Alfred, Jaganath, Devan, Misra, Manoranjan, Cattamanchi, Adithya, and Mohanty, Swomitra K
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Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Lung ,Tuberculosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Good Health and Well Being ,Biomarkers ,Sensors ,Metals ,Electrodes ,Electric potential ,Manganese ,Diseases ,Breath biomarkers ,electrochemical sensors ,point-of-care diagnostics ,translational medicine ,Breath Biomarkers ,Electrochemical Sensors ,Point-of-care Diagnostics ,Translational Medicine ,Optical Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Rapid screening of tuberculosis by evaluation of associated volatile organic biomarkers in breath is a promising technology that is significantly faster and more convenient than traditional sputum culture tests. Methyl nicotinate (MN) and methyl p-anisate (MPA) have been isolated as potential biomarkers for mycobacterium tuberculosis and have been found in the breath of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A novel approach to detection of these biomarkers in liquid droplets (e.g. from breath condensate) using inexpensive screen-printed electrodes is presented. Previous modelling studies suggest that these biomarkers complex with certain transition metals of particular valence state. This interaction can be exploited by mixing the biomarker sample into an electroactive solution (EAS) containing the functional metal ion and observing the change electrochemically. The study focuses on low biomarker concentrations, determined to be clinically relevant based on preliminary GC-MS studies of the levels found in patient breath. It was found that both the cyclic voltammogram and square wave voltammogram of copper(II) change significantly when as little as 0.1 mM MN is added to the solution, with analysis times of less than 2 min. Copper(II) exhibits three separate peaks during square wave voltammetry. The location and area of each peak are affected differently as the concentration of MN increases, suggesting a reaction with specific oxidation states of the metal. In this way, a "fingerprint" method can be used to identify biomarkers once their known interaction is established.
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- 2022
20. Microvalves for Applications in Centrifugal Microfluidics
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Peshin, Snehan, Madou, Marc, and Kulinsky, Lawrence
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Bioengineering ,Biotechnology ,Microfluidics ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Body Fluids ,Catheters ,Plasma ,centrifugal microfluidics ,microfluidic valving ,point-of-care diagnostics ,Lab-on-CD ,Analytical Chemistry ,Environmental Science and Management ,Ecology ,Distributed Computing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic platforms (CDs) have opened new possibilities for inexpensive point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. They are now widely used in applications requiring polymerase chain reaction steps, blood plasma separation, serial dilutions, and many other diagnostic processes. CD microfluidic devices allow a variety of complex processes to transfer onto the small disc platform that previously were carried out by individual expensive laboratory equipment requiring trained personnel. The portability, ease of operation, integration, and robustness of the CD fluidic platforms requires simple, reliable, and scalable designs to control the flow of fluids. Valves play a vital role in opening/closing of microfluidic channels to enable a precise control of the flow of fluids on a centrifugal platform. Valving systems are also critical in isolating chambers from the rest of a fluidic network at required times, in effectively directing the reagents to the target location, in serial dilutions, and in integration of multiple other processes on a single CD. In this paper, we review the various available fluidic valving systems, discuss their working principles, and evaluate their compatibility with CD fluidic platforms. We categorize the presented valving systems into either "active", "passive", or "hybrid"-based on their actuation mechanism that can be mechanical, thermal, hydrophobic/hydrophilic, solubility-based, phase-change, and others. Important topics such as their actuation mechanism, governing physics, variability of performance, necessary disc spin rate for valve actuation, valve response time, and other parameters are discussed. The applicability of some types of valves for specialized functions such as reagent storage, flow control, and other applications is summarized.
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- 2022
21. Capillary Flow-Driven and Magnetically Actuated Multi-Use Wax Valves for Controlled Sealing and Releasing of Fluids on Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms
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Peshin, Snehan, George, Derosh, Shiri, Roya, Kulinsky, Lawrence, and Madou, Marc
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Bioengineering ,centrifugal microfluidics ,microfluidic valving ,point-of-care diagnostics ,Lab-on-CD ,Nanotechnology - Abstract
Compact disc (CD)-based centrifugal microfluidics is an increasingly popular choice for academic and commercial applications as it enables a portable platform for biological and chemical assays. By rationally designing microfluidic conduits and programming the disc's rotational speeds and accelerations, one can reliably control propulsion, metering, and valving operations. Valves that either stop fluid flow or allow it to proceed are critical components of a CD platform. Among the valves on a CD, wax valves that liquify at elevated temperatures to open channels and that solidify at room temperature to close them have been previously implemented on CD platforms. However, typical wax valves on the CD fluidic platforms can be actuated only once (to open or to close) and require complex fabrication steps. Here, we present two new multiple-use wax valve designs, driven by capillary or magnetic forces. One wax valve design utilizes a combination of capillary-driven flow of molten wax and centrifugal force to toggle between open and closed configurations. The phase change of the wax is enabled by heat application (e.g., a 500-mW laser). The second wax valve design employs a magnet to move a molten ferroparticle-laden wax in and out of a channel to enable reversible operation. A multi-phase numerical simulation study of the capillary-driven wax valve was carried out and compared with experimental results. The capillary wax valve parameters including response time, angle made by the sidewall of the wax reservoir with the direction of a valve channel, wax solidification time, minimum spin rate of the CD for opening a valve, and the time for melting a wax plug are measured and analyzed theoretically. Additionally, the motion of the molten wax in a valve channel is compared to its theoretical capillary advance with respect to time and are found to be within 18.75% of the error margin.
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- 2022
22. Gonadotropin and Ovarian Hormone Monitoring: Lateral Flow Assays for Clinical Decision Making.
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Targonskaya, Anna and Maslowski, Katherine
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PREMENSTRUAL syndrome ,FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone ,PROGESTERONE ,SERODIAGNOSIS ,POINT-of-care testing ,MISCARRIAGE ,MEDICAL screening ,ESTROGEN ,LUTEIN ,AMENORRHEA ,GONADOTROPIN ,INFERTILITY ,SEX hormones ,OVARIAN diseases ,LUTEINIZING hormone ,OLIGOMENORRHEA ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,ECTOPIC pregnancy - Abstract
FSH, estrogen and progesterone testing are widely utilized in clinical practice. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are cost-effective tools used for diagnosing infectious diseases, pregnancy, and substance testing. The focus of this narrative review is the potential for the wider utilization of listed hormone LFAs. A search was conducted with PubMed, Google Scholar and Wiley online libraries using keywords without any limitation on the publication date; animal studies were excluded. Clinical guidelines for the related conditions were included. According to published data, E3G and PdG are used to determine ovulatory cycles and can be utilized for research purposes to establish the normal range of menstrual cycles, as there is currently disagreement among guidelines. FSH measurement in blood samples is utilized to predict oocyte yield in assisted cycles and to differentiate women with premature ovarian insufficiency from hypothalamic amenorrhea, and can be replaced with more convenient urine testing. PdG was tested to assess the risk of pregnancy complications, specifically miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, and might become a screening tool for miscarriage in the future. PMS, PMDD and ovarian carcinogenesis could be extensively studied using LFAs to gain a better understanding of the biology behind these conditions. Before implementing these LFAs into clinical practice, the reproducibility of progesterone assays should be evaluated. The results are critical for treatment decisions, and universally recognized standards for estradiol measurement should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Point-of-care COVID-19 testing in the emergency department: current status and future prospects
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May, Larissa, Tran, Nam, and Ledeboer, Nathan A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Emergency Care ,Prevention ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Lung ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Good Health and Well Being ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Testing ,Emergency Service ,Hospital ,Humans ,Point-of-Care Testing ,point-of-care diagnostics ,molecular ,antigen tests ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
IntroductionThis expert review outlines current and future point-of-care technologies for the diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for causing coronavirus disease COVID-19 in the emergency department. COVID-19 first emerged in late 2019 and is responsible for a range of presentations from minor upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe pneumonia and multisystem organ failure. Among the technologies available include the gold standard of molecular point-of-care tests as well as antigen detection tests.Areas coveredWe discuss point-of-care molecular tests including multiplex, targeted, and single plex panels as well as various antigen testing methodologies in terms of availability and performance characteristics. In addition, we focus on current testing best practices and considerations for point-of-care testing in the emergency department based on a search of the literature available in PubMed to date and a review of FDA and CDC guidance.Expert opinionWhile there have been many advances in SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care testing, there remain challenges to implementation in the emergency department setting. A paradigm shift is needed to improve diagnosis and clinical outcomes.
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- 2021
24. Evidence for using point-of-care diagnostics in the management of respiratory tract infections in primary care: a scoping review protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
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Akke Vellinga, Carmel Hughes, Cristin Ryan, Anthony Maher, Gerard Molloy, Cathal Cadogan, Greg Sheaf, Tom Fahey, and Judith Cole
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Community pharmacists ,general practitioners ,point-of-care diagnostics ,primary care ,respiratory tract infections ,antimicrobials ,eng ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AmR) is widely considered a global health threat and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Inappropriate antimicrobial use is the most important modifiable risk factor for AmR. Most human antimicrobial medicines use occurs in primary care [prescribed by general practitioners (GPs), dispensed by community pharmacists (CPs)]. However, up to 50% of use is deemed inappropriate. Point-of-care diagnostic tests are used as a basis for antimicrobial stewardship interventions to improve the diagnostic certainty of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and therefore ensure prudent antimicrobial use. However, there is a lack of guidance on their use, and they are therefore not routinely used in clinical practice. Objective: A scoping review will be conducted to synthesise the available evidence to inform the development of best practice guidance for using point-of-care diagnostics in the management of RTIs in primary care. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted following guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and reported using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, the International HTA database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as grey literature, will be searched. Screening will be undertaken independently by two reviewers to identify studies and literature reporting the use of point-of-care diagnostics in the management of RTIs in primary care by GPs and/ or CPs. Findings will be described using narrative synthesis. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review will be used to produce draft guidance on the use of point-of-care diagnostic tests in primary care, which will undergo further development using a Delphi consensus methodology involving experts in the field of RTIs, antimicrobial stewardship, point-of-care diagnostics and primary care.
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- 2023
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25. Highly efficient photonic PCR system based on plasmonic heating of gold nanofilms
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Joshua Nabuti, Ahmed Rashad Fath Elbab, Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood, Matsushita Yoshihisa, and Hossam M.H. Shalaby
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Photonic thermal cycler ,Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ,Photothermal heating ,DNA amplification ,Point-of-care diagnostics ,Temperature distribution ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard molecular method that has the potential to solve the need for accurate, viable, and immediate infectious pathogen detection at point-of-care (POC) centers in different fields such as pathogen identification, and forensics. In this work, we present a photonic PCR thermocycler that achieves strong optical absorption, more efficient gene amplification, and further improves the effect of temperature distribution through the PCR sample using two gold nanofilms (AuNFs) and a high-power light-emitting diode chip (LED). The photonic device achieved higher heating and cooling rates of 13.20 null°C/s and 7.92 null°C/s, respectively on average, with uniform and reliable temperature distribution throughout the sample with negligible deviations. During amplification cycles, maximum temperatures attained had variations less than 1 °C at 90 °C, less than 0.8 °C at 55 °C, and less than 0.5 °C at 72 °C, showing uniform heating which yielded more accurate and reliable results. Using the fabricated device, PCR amplification for a bacteria genomic DNA was performed in 7.5 minutes for 30 thermal cycles with a sample volume of 20 μL. Due to the device's simple configuration and increased heat transfer rates, this photonic platform will be a highly efficient choice for rapid POC applications in developing countries.
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- 2023
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26. Editors’ Choice—Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Electrochemical Biosensors with Commercialization Potential in the Point-of-Care Diagnostics Market
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Amir Ali Akhlaghi, Harmanjit Kaur, Bal Ram Adhikari, and Leyla Soleymani
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biosensing ,electrochemistry ,point-of-care diagnostics ,commercialization ,integration ,manufacturing ,Industrial electrochemistry ,TP250-261 ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
There is a plethora of electrochemical biosensors developed for ultrasensitive detection of clinically relevant biomarkers. However, many of these systems lose their performance in heterogeneous clinical samples and are too complex to be operated by end users at the point-of-care (POC), prohibiting their commercial success. Integration of biosensors with sample processing technology addresses both of these challenges; however, it adds to the manufacturing complexity and the overall cost of these systems. Herein, we review the different components of a biosensor and avenues for creating fully integrated systems. In the context of integration, we focus on discussing the trade-offs between sensing performance, cost, and scalable manufacturing to guide the readers toward designing new electrochemical biosensors with commercialization potential.
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- 2024
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27. From Body Monitoring to Biomolecular Sensing: Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Point-of-Care Diagnostics
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Zequan Zhao, Yajun Mi, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Enqi Sun, Xia Cao, and Ning Wang
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point-of-care diagnostics ,triboelectric nanogenerator ,self-powered sensing ,wearable electronics ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
In the constantly evolving field of medical diagnostics, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a groundbreaking innovation for simultaneously harnessing mechanical energy from micromovements and sensing stimuli from both the human body and the ambient environment. This advancement diminishes the dependence of biosensors on external power sources and paves the way for the application of TENGs in self-powered medical devices, especially in the realm of point-of-care diagnostics. In this review, we delve into the functionality of TENGs in point-of-care diagnostics. First, from the basic principle of how TENGs effectively transform subtle physical movements into electrical energy, thereby promoting the development of self-powered biosensors and medical devices that are particularly advantageous for real-time biological monitoring. Then, the adaptable design of TENGs that facilitate customization to meet individual patient needs is introduced, with a focus on their biocompatibility and safety in medical applications. Our in-depth analysis also covers TENG-based biosensor designs moving toward exceptional sensitivity and specificity in biomarker detection, for accurate and efficient diagnoses. Challenges and future prospects such as the integration of TENGs into wearable and implantable devices are also discussed. We aim for this review to illuminate the burgeoning field of TENG-based intelligent devices for continuous, real-time health monitoring; and to inspire further innovation in this captivating area of research that is in line with patient-centered healthcare.
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- 2024
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28. Advanced HIV disease: A review of diagnostic and prophylactic strategies.
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Lehman, Alice, Ellis, Jayne, Nalintya, Elizabeth, Bahr, Nathan C., Loyse, Angela, and Rajasingham, Radha
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OPPORTUNISTIC infection prevention , *HIV infection complications , *OPPORTUNISTIC infections , *POINT-of-care testing , *MEDICAL screening , *RAPID diagnostic tests , *SEVERITY of illness index , *PREVENTIVE health services , *MEDICAL protocols , *HUMAN services programs , *CRYPTOCOCCUS neoformans , *PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons , *MEDICAL research , *COMORBIDITY ,MENINGITIS prevention - Abstract
Background: Despite expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rollout of the World Health Organization's (WHO) 'test‐and‐treat' strategy, the proportion of people with HIV (PWH) presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) remains unchanged at approximately 30%. Fifty percent of persons with AHD report prior engagement to care. ART failure and insufficient retention in HIV care are major causes of AHD. People living with AHD are at high risk for opportunistic infections and death. In 2017, the WHO published guidelines for the management of AHD that included a comprehensive package of care for screening and prophylaxis of major opportunistic infections (OIs). In the interim, ART regimens have evolved: integrase inhibitors are first‐line therapy globally, and the diagnostic landscape is evolving. The objective of this review is to highlight novel point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics and treatment strategies that can facilitate OI screening and prophylaxis for persons with AHD. Methods: We reviewed the WHO guidelines for recommendations for persons with AHD. We summarized the scientific literature on current and emerging diagnostics, along with emerging treatment strategies for persons with AHD. We also highlight the key research and implementation gaps together with potential solutions. Results: While POC CD4 testing is being rolled out in order to identify persons with AHD, this alone is insufficient; implementation of the Visitect CD4 platform has been challenging given operational and test interpretation issues. Numerous non‐sputum POC TB diagnostics are being evaluated, many with limited sensitivity. Though imperfect, these tests are designed to provide rapid results (within hours) and are relatively affordable for resource‐poor settings. While novel POC diagnostics are being developed for cryptococcal infection, histoplasmosis and talaromycosis, implementation science studies are urgently needed to understand the clinical benefit of these tests in the routine care. Conclusions: Despite progress with HIV treatment and prevention, a persistent 20%–30% of PWH present to care with AHD. Unfortunately, these persons with AHD continue to carry the burden of HIV‐related morbidity and mortality. Investment in the development of additional POC or near‐bedside CD4 platforms is urgently needed. Implementation of POC diagnostics theoretically could improve HIV retention in care and thereby reduce mortality by overcoming delays in laboratory testing and providing patients and healthcare workers with timely same‐day results. However, in real‐world scenarios, people with AHD have multiple comorbidities and imperfect follow‐up. Pragmatic clinical trials are needed to understand whether these POC diagnostics can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving clinical outcomes such as HIV retention in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Evaluation and Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Stoianov, Anca Gabriela, Patrascu, Jenel Marian, Hogea, Bogdan Gheorghe, Andor, Bogdan, Florescu, Sorin, Misca, Liviu Coriolan, Laza, Ruxandra, Fericean, Roxana Manuela, Mavrea, Adelina, Terzi, Artiom, and Patrascu Jr., Jenel Marian
- Subjects
- *
POSTERIOR cruciate ligament , *CRUCIATE ligament injuries , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *KNEE injuries , *ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, though less common than other knee ligament injuries, pose significant management challenges. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the current evidence on the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the evaluation and management of PCL injuries. It was hypothesized that POCUS has comparable diagnostic accuracy to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and that the use of POCUS improves patient outcomes and reduces healthcare costs. A comprehensive systematic review of articles published up to April 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were selected based on relevance to the research question, with a focus on diagnostic accuracy, reliability, clinical utility, and cost-effectiveness of POCUS in PCL injuries. Seven studies, analyzing a total of 242 patients with PCL injuries, were included. The reported sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for diagnosing PCL injuries ranged from 83.3% to 100% and 86.7% to 100%, respectively, across the studies. In one study, POCUS demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 87.9% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.4%. Additionally, three studies reported 100% accuracy in PCL injury detection using POCUS, suggesting a substantial potential for cost savings by eliminating the need for MRI. This systematic review supports the use of POCUS in the evaluation and management of PCL injuries, suggesting that POCUS is a reliable, cost-effective tool with high diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of MRI, offering the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The data collated in this review can inform clinical practice and guide future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) Versus Total MMP-8 in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Disease Point-of-Care Diagnostics.
- Author
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Räisänen, Ismo T., Aji, Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno, Sakellari, Dimitra, Grigoriadis, Andreas, Rantala, Iina, Pätilä, Tommi, Heikkilä, Pia, Gupta, Shipra, and Sorsa, Timo
- Subjects
HEAD & neck cancer ,PERIODONTAL disease ,POINT-of-care testing ,MATRIX metalloproteinases ,SALIVA ,CLINICAL chemistry - Abstract
Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is a promising biomarker candidate for the modern periodontal and peri-implant disease diagnostics utilizing the chairside/point-of-care oral fluid technologies. These rapid biomarker analysis technologies utilize gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), or mouth rinse as the oral fluid matrices that can be collected patient-friendly and non-invasively without causing bacteremia. aMMP-8, but not total or latent proMMP-8, has been shown to be a relevant biomarker to be implemented to the latest 2017 classification system of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Thus, aMMP-8 point-of-care-testing (POCT)—but not total or latent proMMP-8—can be conveniently used as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify and screen the developing and ongoing periodontal and peri-implant breakdown and disease as well as predict its episodic progression. Similarly, aMMP-8 POCT provides an important tool to monitor the treatment effect of these diseases, but also other diseases such as head and neck cancer, where it can identify and predict the rapid tissue destructive oral side-effects during and after the radiotherapy. Additionally, recent studies support aMMP-8 POCT benefitting the identification of periodontitis and diabetes as the escalating risk diseases for COVID-19 infection. Overall, aMMP-8 POCT has launched a new clinical field in oral medicine and dentistry, i.e., oral clinical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. The feasibility of novel point-of-care diagnostics for febrile illnesses at health centres in Southeast Asia: a mixed-methods study.
- Author
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Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Vanna, Moul, Adhikari, Bipin, Ol, Sam, Tripura, Rupam, Davoeung, Chan, Callery, James J, Sovann, Yok, Chandna, Arjun, Bunreth, Voeunrung, Asnong, Carina, Seidlein, Lorenz von, Dondorp, Arjen M, Maude, Richard J, Lubell, Yoel, Wills, Bridget, Lek, Dysoley, and Peto, Thomas J
- Subjects
POINT-of-care testing ,MEDICAL centers ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,RURAL health ,ACUTE diseases ,CLINICAL medicine - Abstract
Background The decline of malaria in Southeast Asia means other causes of fever are increasingly relevant, but often undiagnosed. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of point-of-care tests to diagnose acute febrile illnesses in primary care settings. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted at nine rural health centres in western Cambodia. Workshops introduced health workers to the STANDARD(TM) Q Dengue Duo, STANDARD(TM) Q Malaria/CRP Duo and a multiplex biosensor detecting antibodies and/or antigens of eight pathogens. Sixteen structured observation checklists assessed users' performances and nine focus group discussions explored their opinions. Results All three point-of-care tests were performed well under assessment, but sample collection was difficult for the dengue test. Respondents expressed that the diagnostics were useful and could be integrated into routine clinical care, but were not as convenient to perform as standard malaria rapid tests. Health workers recommended that the most valued point-of-care tests would directly inform clinical management (e.g. a decision to refer a patient or to provide/withhold antibiotics). Conclusions Deployment of new point-of-care tests to health centres could be feasible and acceptable if they are user-friendly, selected for locally circulating pathogens and are accompanied by disease-specific education and simple management algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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32. FLEXING FRONTIERS: PIONEERING ADVANCES IN BIOSENSORS FOR INSTANT HEALTH INSIGHTS.
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ESWARAN, USHAA, ESWARAN, VIVEK, MURALI, KEERTHNA, and ESWARAN, VISHAL
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BIOSENSORS ,FLEXIBLE electronics ,POINT-of-care testing ,PATIENT monitoring ,NUCLEIC acids ,MICROFLUIDICS ,MEDICAL supplies - Abstract
Biosensors that incorporate a biological recognition element with a transducer offer a rapid, simple approach for selective detection of analytes. However, conventional rigid biosensors have limited capabilities for continuous on-body monitoring applications. The emergence of flexible electronics has opened new possibilities for developing conformal biosensing platforms that can intimately interface with soft, curvilinear surfaces like skin for non-invasive health tracking. This review covers the fundamentals of biosensor technologies and recent progress in flexible biosensors aimed at point-of-care diagnostics and medical monitoring. Key developments in materials, electrochemical sensing interfaces, microfluidics integration and wireless connectivity are highlighted. Examples of flexible biosensors for metabolites, electrolytes, proteins and nucleic acids are presented along with capabilities and limitations. Current challenges include improving biocompatibility, correlation with standard assays, wireless range, manufacturability, and regulatory requirements. Further research on translating flexible biosensor devices from initial proof-of-concepts to validated medical products is warranted. Overall, flexible biosensors hold immense promise to enable continuous personalized health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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33. Evaluation of a smartphone‐operated point‐of‐care device using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification technology for rapid and remote detection of SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Meyers, Eline, Park, JeongHo, Coen, Anja, Raman, Leen, Heytens, Stefan, Rhee, Joowon, Padalko, Elizaveta, and Cools, Piet
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AMPLIFICATION reactions ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 testing - Abstract
During the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, rapid and sensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been of high importance for outbreak control. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is the current gold standard, however, the procedures require an equipped laboratory setting and personnel, which have been regularly overburdened during the pandemic. This often resulted in long waiting times for patients. In contrast, reverse transcriptase loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) is a simple, cost‐efficient, and fast procedure, allowing for rapid and remote detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. In the current study, we performed a clinical evaluation of a new point‐of‐care test system based on LAMP‐technology for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection, providing a result within 25 min (1copy™ COVID‐19 MDx Kit Professional system). We tested 112 paired nasopharyngeal swabs, collected in the COVID‐19 Ghent University Hospital test center, using the 1copy™ COVID‐19 MDx Kit Professional system, and RT‐PCR as the reference method. The test system was found to have a clinical sensitivity of 93.24% (69/74) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.93%–97.77%) and specificity of 97.37% (37/38) (95% CI: 86.19%–99.93%). Due to its easy smartphone operation and ready‐to‐use reagents, it ought to be easily applied in for instance general practices, pharmacies, nursing homes, schools, and companies. This would facilitate an efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak control and quarantine policy, as diagnosis can occur sooner in a near‐patient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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34. Blood product usage and factors associated with transfusions in cats with hemoperitoneum: 33 cases (2018–2022)
- Author
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Nicole Bunnell, April Blong, Debosmita Kundu, Jonathan Paul Mochel, and Rebecca Walton
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hemoperitoneum ,hemorrhage ,point-of-care diagnostics ,transfusion therapy ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate blood product usage in cats with hemoperitoneum. To secondarily evaluate factors associated with transfusion administration and the outcome of cats with hemoperitoneum.DesignRetrospective study between the years 2018–2022.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital and private practice hospital.Animals33 cats admitted to the hospital diagnosed with hemoperitoneum from January 2018 to September 2022.Measurements and main resultsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, point-of-care diagnostics, effusion characteristics, and transfusion administration information was recorded. The most common etiology associated with hemoperitoneum was neoplasia (51.5%). Fifty-one percent (51.5%) of cats received a blood transfusion during hospitalization with the majority of cats receiving multiple transfusion types (69%). The etiology of hemoperitoneum was not associated with receiving a transfusion (p = 0.28) Point-of-care diagnostics including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS) and platelet count were not significantly associated with receiving a transfusion (p = 0.317, p = 0.11 and p = 0.82, respectively). The PCV and TS of the effusion was also not significantly associated with transfusions (p = 0.91 and p = 0.63, respectively). Sixteen cats (48%) survived to discharge. Transfusions were significantly associated with outcome and cats that received a transfusion were more likely to survive to discharge (p = 0.008).ConclusionIn conclusion, hemoperitoneum from a variety of etiologies in cats is associated with a high proportion of transfusions. None of the evaluated point-of-care diagnostics were associated with transfusion administration in this study. Cats that received a transfusion were more likely to survive to discharge.
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- 2023
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35. Engineering Strategies for Advancing Optical Signal Outputs in Smartphone‐Enabled Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
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Kexin Fan, Weiran Liu, Yuchen Miao, Zhen Li, and Guozhen Liu
- Subjects
e-health ,illumination variations ,machine learning ,optical signal corrections ,point-of-care diagnostics ,smartphone based digital detection ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
The use of smartphone‐based analysis systems has been increasing over the past few decades. Among the important reasons for its popularity are its ubiquity, increasing computing power, relatively low cost, and capability to acquire and process data simultaneously in a point‐of‐need fashion. Furthermore, smartphones are equipped with various sensors, especially a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. The high sensitivity of the CMOS sensor allows smartphones to be used as a colorimeter, fluorimeter, and spectrometer, constituting the essential part of point‐of‐care testing contributing to E‐health and beyond. However, despite its myriads of merits, smartphone‐based diagnostic devices still face many challenges, including high susceptibility to illumination conditions, difficulty in adapter uniformization, low interphone repeatability, and et al. These problems may hinder smartphone‐enabled diagnosis from passing the FDA regulations of medical devices. This review discusses the design and application of current smartphone‐based diagnostic devices and highlights challenges associated with existent methods and perspectives on how to deal with those challenges from engineering aspects on constant color signal acquisition, including smartphone adapter design, color space transformation, machine learning classification, and color correction.
- Published
- 2023
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36. Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR-Cas13a and mobile phone microscopy
- Author
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Fozouni, Parinaz, Son, Sungmin, Díaz de León Derby, María, Knott, Gavin J, Gray, Carley N, D'Ambrosio, Michael V, Zhao, Chunyu, Switz, Neil A, Kumar, G Renuka, Stephens, Stephanie I, Boehm, Daniela, Tsou, Chia-Lin, Shu, Jeffrey, Bhuiya, Abdul, Armstrong, Maxim, Harris, Andrew R, Chen, Pei-Yi, Osterloh, Jeannette M, Meyer-Franke, Anke, Joehnk, Bastian, Walcott, Keith, Sil, Anita, Langelier, Charles, Pollard, Katherine S, Crawford, Emily D, Puschnik, Andreas S, Phelps, Maira, Kistler, Amy, DeRisi, Joseph L, Doudna, Jennifer A, Fletcher, Daniel A, and Ott, Melanie
- Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza ,Biodefense ,Lung ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Bioengineering ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Cell Line ,Cell Phone ,Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Humans ,Nasopharynx ,Optical Imaging ,Phosphoproteins ,Point-of-Care Testing ,RNA Interference ,RNA ,Viral ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Viral Load ,COVID-19 ,CRISPR Dx ,CRISPR-Cas13 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,mobile phone microscopy ,point-of-care diagnostics ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The December 2019 outbreak of a novel respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2, has become an ongoing global pandemic due in part to the challenge of identifying symptomatic, asymptomatic, and pre-symptomatic carriers of the virus. CRISPR diagnostics can augment gold-standard PCR-based testing if they can be made rapid, portable, and accurate. Here, we report the development of an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas13a assay for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasal swab RNA that can be read with a mobile phone microscope. The assay achieved ∼100 copies/μL sensitivity in under 30 min of measurement time and accurately detected pre-extracted RNA from a set of positive clinical samples in under 5 min. We combined crRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA to improve sensitivity and specificity and directly quantified viral load using enzyme kinetics. Integrated with a reader device based on a mobile phone, this assay has the potential to enable rapid, low-cost, point-of-care screening for SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
37. Development and Optimisation of a Rapid Paper-Based Test for the Detection of IL-6
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Shridharan, Medha, Kongsuphol, Patthara, Kalpana, Fernandez, Guo, Huaqun, editor, Ren, Hongliang, editor, Wang, Victor, editor, Chekole, Eyasu Getahun, editor, and Lakshmanan, Umayal, editor
- Published
- 2022
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38. CoVSense: Ultrasensitive Nucleocapsid Antigen Immunosensor for Rapid Clinical Detection of Wildtype and Variant SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Salahandish, Razieh, Hyun, Jae Eun, Haghayegh, Fatemeh, Tabrizi, Hamed Osouli, Moossavi, Shirin, Khetani, Sultan, Ayala‐Charca, Giancarlo, Berenger, Byron M., Niu, Yan Dong, Ghafar‐Zadeh, Ebrahim, and Nezhad, Amir Sanati
- Subjects
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SARS-CoV-2 , *ANTIGEN analysis , *COVID-19 testing , *CONDUCTING polymers - Abstract
The widespread accessibility of commercial/clinically‐viable electrochemical diagnostic systems for rapid quantification of viral proteins demands translational/preclinical investigations. Here, Covid‐Sense (CoVSense) antigen testing platform; an all‐in‐one electrochemical nano‐immunosensor for sample‐to‐result, self‐validated, and accurate quantification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleocapsid (N)‐proteins in clinical examinations is developed. The platform's sensing strips benefit from a highly‐sensitive, nanostructured surface, created through the incorporation of carboxyl‐functionalized graphene nanosheets, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymers, enhancing the overall conductivity of the system. The nanoengineered surface chemistry allows for compatible direct assembly of bioreceptor molecules. CoVSense offers an inexpensive (<$2 kit) and fast/digital response (<10 min), measured using a customized hand‐held reader (<$25), enabling data‐driven outbreak management. The sensor shows 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity (Ct<25), and overall sensitivity of 91% for combined symptomatic/asymptomatic cohort with wildtype SARS‐CoV‐2 or B.1.1.7 variant (N = 105, nasal/throat samples). The sensor correlates the N‐protein levels to viral load, detecting high Ct values of ≈35, with no sample preparation steps, while outperforming the commercial rapid antigen tests. The current translational technology fills the gap in the workflow of rapid, point‐of‐care, and accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Low-Cost, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System with Integrated RNA Extraction.
- Author
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Kadja, Tchamie, Sun, Yvonne, and Chodavarapu, Vamsy P.
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *COVID-19 pandemic , *BIOLOGICAL systems - Abstract
Rapid, easy-to-use, and low-cost systems for biological sample testing are important for point-of-care diagnostics and various other health applications. The recent pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) showed an urgent need to rapidly and accurately identify the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, in upper respiratory specimens from people. In general, sensitive testing methods require genetic material extraction from the specimen. Unfortunately, current commercially available extraction kits are expensive and involve time-consuming and laborious extraction procedures. To overcome the difficulties associated with common extraction methods, we propose a simple enzymatic assay for the nucleic acid extraction step using heat mediation to improve the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction sensitivity. Our protocol was tested on Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) as an example, which comes from the large coronaviridae family of viruses that affect birds, amphibians, and mammals, of which SARS-CoV-2 is a member. The proposed assay was performed using a low-cost, custom-made, real-time PCR system that incorporates thermal cycling and fluorescence detection. It had fully customizable reaction settings to allow versatile biological sample testing for various applications, including point-of-care medical diagnosis, food and water quality testing, and emergency health situations. Our results show that heat-mediated RNA extraction is a viable extraction method when compared to commercial extraction kits. Further, our study showed that extraction has a direct impact on purified laboratory samples of HCoV-229E, but no direct impact on infected human cells. This is clinically relevant, as it allows us to circumvent the extraction step on clinical samples when using PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Visual Detection of Stem-Loop Primer Amplification (SPA) Products without Denaturation Using Peroxidase-like DNA Machines (PxDM).
- Author
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Maltzeva, Yulia I., Gorbenko, Daria A., Nikitina, Ekaterina V., Rubel, Maria S., and Kolpashchikov, Dmitry M.
- Subjects
- *
HAIRPIN (Genetics) , *DNA nanotechnology , *PEROXIDASE , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *NUCLEIC acids , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and accurate determination of nucleic acids is a decisive factor in evaluating population's health and monitoring treatment at point-of-care (POC) settings. Testing systems with visual outputs can provide instrument-free signal detection. Isothermal amplification technologies can substitute conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing due to compatibility with the POC diagnostic. Here, we have visually detected DNA fragments obtained by stem-loop-primer-assisted isothermal amplification (SPA), but not those obtained by PCR or LAMP amplification using DNA nanomachines with peroxidase-like activity (PxDM) with sensitivity to a single nucleotide substitution. Compared to the diagnostics with conventional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the PxDM method produces no false positive signals with the non-specific amplification products. The study suggests that PxDM, in conjunction with SPA isothermal amplification, can become a valid platform for POC testing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Liposome-based high-throughput and point-of-care assays toward the quick, simple, and sensitive detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in patient sera.
- Author
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Streif, Simon, Neckermann, Patrick, Spitzenberg, Clemens, Weiss, Katharina, Hoecherl, Kilian, Kulikowski, Kacper, Hahner, Sonja, Noelting, Christina, Einhauser, Sebastian, Peterhoff, David, Asam, Claudia, Wagner, Ralf, and Baeumner, Antje J.
- Subjects
- *
MONOCLONAL antibodies , *LIPOSOMES , *SARS-CoV-2 , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme , *IMMUNITY , *NEUTRALIZATION tests - Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 caused an increased interest in neutralizing antibody tests to determine the immune status of the population. Standard live-virus-based neutralization assays such as plaque-reduction assays or pseudovirus neutralization tests cannot be adapted to the point-of-care (POC). Accordingly, tests quantifying competitive binding inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by neutralizing antibodies have been developed. Here, we present a new platform using sulforhodamine B encapsulating liposomes decorated with RBD as foundation for the development of both a fluorescent, highly feasible high-throughput (HTS) and a POC-ready neutralizing antibody assay. RBD-conjugated liposomes are incubated with serum and subsequently immobilized in an ACE2-coated plate or mixed with biotinylated ACE2 and used in test strip with streptavidin test line, respectively. Polyclonal neutralizing human antibodies were shown to cause complete binding inhibition, while S309 and CR3022 human monoclonal antibodies only caused partial inhibition, proving the functionality of the assay. Both formats, the HTS and POC assay, were then tested using 20 sera containing varying titers of neutralizing antibodies, and a control panel of sera including prepandemic sera and reconvalescent sera from respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2. Both assays correlated well with a standard pseudovirus neutralization test (r = 0.847 for HTS and r = 0.614 for POC format). Furthermore, excellent correlation (r = 0.868) between HTS and POC formats was observed. The flexibility afforded by liposomes as signaling agents using different dyes and sizes can hence be utilized in the future for a broad range of multianalyte neutralizing antibody diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Multifunctional Evaluation Technology for Diagnosing Malfunctions of Regional Pelvic Floor Muscles Based on Stretchable Electrode Array Probe.
- Author
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Wang, Shengming, Yang, Luoqi, Jiang, Haofei, Xia, Jie, Li, Wenjuan, Zhang, Zujuan, Zhang, Shaomin, Jin, Hao, Luo, Jikui, Dong, Shurong, Yu, Yanlan, and Xie, Zhenwei
- Subjects
- *
PELVIC floor disorders , *URINARY stress incontinence , *PELVIC floor , *DIAGNOSIS , *ASYMPTOMATIC patients , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
The pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) has become a serious public health problem. Accurate diagnosis of regional pelvic floor muscle (PFM) malfunctions is vitally important for the prevention and treatment of PFD. However, there is a lack of reliable diagnostic devices to evaluate and diagnose regional PFM abnormality. In this work, we developed a multifunctional evaluation technology (MET) based on a novel airbag-type stretchable electrode array probe (ASEA) for the diagnosis of malfunctions of regional PFM. The inflatable ASEA has specifically distributed 32 electrodes along the muscles, and is able to adapt to different human bodies for tight contact with the muscles. These allow synchronous collection of high-quality multi-channel surface electromyography (MC-sEMG) signals, and then are used to diagnose regional PFM malfunctions and evaluate inter-regional correlation. Clinical trial was conducted on 15 postpartum stress urinary incontinence (PSUI) patients and 15 matched asymptomatic women. Results showed that SUI patients responded slowly to the command and have symptoms of muscle strength degeneration. The results were consistent with the relevant clinical manifestations, and proved the reliability of MET for multifunctional PFM evaluation. Furthermore, the MET can diagnose malfunctions of regional PFM, which is inaccessible with existing technology. The results also showed that the dysfunction of PSUI patients is mainly located in iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and urethral sphincter regions, and there is a weak correlation between these specific regions and nearby regions. In conclusion, MET provides a point-of-care diagnostic method for abnormal function of regional PFM, which has a potential for the targeted point-to-point electrical stimulation treatment and PFD pathology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Nanoparticle Optical Sensor Arrays: Gas Sensing and Biomedical Diagnosis.
- Author
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Lu, Xiaohui, Suslick, Kenneth S., and Li, Zheng
- Abstract
Chemical sensor arrays provide a simple but powerful means of creating detection specificity through pattern recognition of the responses from an array of highly cross‐reactive sensor elements. Optically responsive nanoparticles have emerged as a useful class of chemical sensors and enabled the development of real‐time, sensitive, cost‐effective and portable microdetectors for targeting biochemical analytes of interest. The unique and fascinating physicochemical properties of nanoparticles play a key role in building promising array‐based sensing platforms. This perspective will describe the principles, fabrication, and applications of various nanoparticle‐based optical sensor arrays. Choice of nanomaterials, optical signal transduction, array substrate and fabrication, as well as statistical data analyses will be elaborately discussed. As two major areas of applications, the detection of environmentally related volatiles and clinical use for biomedical diagnosis will be discussed in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives within this analytical topic will be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. C-reactive protein testing to discriminate bacterial from viral pathogens among febrile patients in Southeast Asia and its impact on antibiotic prescribing in primary care
- Author
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Althaus, Thomas and Lubell, Yoel
- Subjects
616.9 ,Infectious diseases ,Lo-to-middle-income countries ,Primary care ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Point-of-care diagnostics - Abstract
In an era marked by the worldwide decline of malaria, fever remains the most frequent reason for seeking health care in the tropics. Non-malarial pathogens are mainly studied among hospitalised patients, while evidence in primary care is scarce. In addition to the limited evidence on the local epidemiology, prescribers routinely face difficulty in identifying patients who really need an antibiotic. This translates into high antibiotic prescription, fuelling the worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance. C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most studied host-response biomarkers for guiding the management of acutely febrile patients, although evidence mainly originates from hospitals in high-income countries, implying that findings may not be applicable in primary care in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). My thesis aims to explore the bacteria and viruses driving acute fever in primary care in Southeast Asia, as well as the potential utility of CRP in identifying patients who need an antibiotic. To this end, we designed an individually randomised controlled trial of CRP-guided treatment in all febrile children and adults, ‘the CRP Study’. We also collected blood and respiratory specimens to ascertain the causes of fever in these patients. We found a significant antibiotic reduction of 7.8 percentage-points using CRP at a 40 mg/L threshold compared to routine practice, without differences in clinical outcome. Routine prescription levels were lower than prior to study implementation, suggesting that future studies should adopt a cluster rather than individual randomised design. Influenza virus type A, dengue virus and respiratory syncytial virus were the key pathogens among our primary care patients, although ascertaining causality was challenging due to lack of acontrol group, especially in nasopharyngeal swabs. Most bacterial infections showed low inflammatory levels and recovered without antibiotics, questioning the interpretation of microbiological findings among non-severe patients. CRP performance in distinguishing bacterial from viral pathogens was limited, suggesting that CRP may rather discriminate self-limiting from serious infections. We also evaluated the performance of CRP in a cohort of febrile patients in Tanzania. Here CRP showed a high sensitivity for detecting bacterial bloodstream infection, indicating that prospective evaluations on its effect on antibiotic prescriptions could be envisaged. The detection of bacterial zoonotic pathogens was of lower accuracy, warranting further evaluations for various levels of healthcare settings and age categories.
- Published
- 2020
45. Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) Versus Total MMP-8 in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Disease Point-of-Care Diagnostics
- Author
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Ismo T. Räisänen, Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno Aji, Dimitra Sakellari, Andreas Grigoriadis, Iina Rantala, Tommi Pätilä, Pia Heikkilä, Shipra Gupta, and Timo Sorsa
- Subjects
aMMP-8 ,periodontitis ,peri-implantitis ,matrix metalloproteinase ,biomarker ,point-of-care diagnostics ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is a promising biomarker candidate for the modern periodontal and peri-implant disease diagnostics utilizing the chairside/point-of-care oral fluid technologies. These rapid biomarker analysis technologies utilize gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), or mouth rinse as the oral fluid matrices that can be collected patient-friendly and non-invasively without causing bacteremia. aMMP-8, but not total or latent proMMP-8, has been shown to be a relevant biomarker to be implemented to the latest 2017 classification system of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Thus, aMMP-8 point-of-care-testing (POCT)—but not total or latent proMMP-8—can be conveniently used as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify and screen the developing and ongoing periodontal and peri-implant breakdown and disease as well as predict its episodic progression. Similarly, aMMP-8 POCT provides an important tool to monitor the treatment effect of these diseases, but also other diseases such as head and neck cancer, where it can identify and predict the rapid tissue destructive oral side-effects during and after the radiotherapy. Additionally, recent studies support aMMP-8 POCT benefitting the identification of periodontitis and diabetes as the escalating risk diseases for COVID-19 infection. Overall, aMMP-8 POCT has launched a new clinical field in oral medicine and dentistry, i.e., oral clinical chemistry.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Prokaryotic Argonaute Proteins: A New Frontier in Point-of-Care Viral Diagnostics
- Author
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Kai Sun, Yan Liu, Wei Zhao, Biao Ma, Mingzhou Zhang, Xiaoping Yu, and Zihong Ye
- Subjects
viral detection ,point-of-care diagnostics ,prokaryotic argonaute ,nucleic acid detection ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the critical need for rapid and precise viral detection technologies. Point-of-care (POC) technologies, which offer immediate and accurate testing at or near the site of patient care, have become a cornerstone of modern medicine. Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgo), proficient in recognizing target RNA or DNA with complementary sequences, have emerged as potential game-changers. pAgo present several advantages over the currently popular CRISPR/Cas systems-based POC diagnostics, including the absence of a PAM sequence requirement, the use of shorter nucleic acid molecules as guides, and a smaller protein size. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pAgo protein detection platforms and critically assesses their potential in the field of viral POC diagnostics. The objective is to catalyze further research and innovation in pAgo nucleic acid detection and diagnostics, ultimately facilitating the creation of enhanced diagnostic tools for clinic viral infections in POC settings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. CoVSense: Ultrasensitive Nucleocapsid Antigen Immunosensor for Rapid Clinical Detection of Wildtype and Variant SARS‐CoV‐2
- Author
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Razieh Salahandish, Jae Eun Hyun, Fatemeh Haghayegh, Hamed Osouli Tabrizi, Shirin Moossavi, Sultan Khetani, Giancarlo Ayala‐Charca, Byron M. Berenger, Yan Dong Niu, Ebrahim Ghafar‐Zadeh, and Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Subjects
clinical investigation ,electrochemical nanobiosensors ,graphene nanosheets ,point‐of‐care diagnostics ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The widespread accessibility of commercial/clinically‐viable electrochemical diagnostic systems for rapid quantification of viral proteins demands translational/preclinical investigations. Here, Covid‐Sense (CoVSense) antigen testing platform; an all‐in‐one electrochemical nano‐immunosensor for sample‐to‐result, self‐validated, and accurate quantification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleocapsid (N)‐proteins in clinical examinations is developed. The platform's sensing strips benefit from a highly‐sensitive, nanostructured surface, created through the incorporation of carboxyl‐functionalized graphene nanosheets, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymers, enhancing the overall conductivity of the system. The nanoengineered surface chemistry allows for compatible direct assembly of bioreceptor molecules. CoVSense offers an inexpensive (
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Advancing electrochemical biosensors for interleukin-6 detection
- Author
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Lauren E. McCrae, Wei-Ting Ting, and Matiar M.R. Howlader
- Subjects
IL-6 ,Electrochemical sensing ,Biosensors ,Functionalization ,Point-of-care diagnostics ,Disease monitoring ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts pathological proinflammatory effects in various acute, chronic, and communicable diseases. These diseases place a significant burden on individuals, healthcare, and economic systems; thus, rapid and low-cost diagnosis and prognosis sensor systems are urgently needed. In this review, we critically evaluate electrochemical sensors for detecting IL-6 in different biofluids. First, we investigate the roles of IL-6 structure, binding, and pathways in various pathologies and observe that detectable levels of IL-6 are present in different biofluids. Second, we discuss the functionalization and sensing approaches of electrochemical sensors using (1) antibodies, (2) aptamers, (3) IL-6 receptors, and (4) molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective detection of IL-6 with practical detection levels and wide linear ranges. Third, we explain unexpected IL-6 sensing results caused by possible interactions between sensor components, the sample environment, and IL-6 that may provide an excellent scope for future research. Finally, we believe that fabricating reliable and non-invasive IL-6 sensors with exceptional efficacy will facilitate the development of portable diagnostic and monitoring systems that may accelerate the detection speed worldwide.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Sampling Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Microneedles: A Review of Recent Developments in Sampling Methods and Microneedle‐Based Biosensors
- Author
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Khaled Mohammed Saifullah and Zahra Faraji Rad
- Subjects
biosensing ,biosensors ,interstitial fluid ,microneedles ,point‐of‐care diagnostics ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Technology - Abstract
Abstract Although interstitial fluid (ISF) is recognized as an important source of biomarkers, it is difficult and time‐consuming to extract, thus limiting its use in medical diagnostic and clinical settings. An inexpensive and effective technique for accessing ISF could benefit people with various health conditions and offer platforms for on‐device sensing biomarkers. Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive devices that have gained extensive interest over recent decades. MNs can address some of the challenges associated with ISF extraction and sensing. Accessing ISF using MNs has the potential to develop advanced, non‐invasive point‐of‐care (POC) microdevices that enable detection or continuous monitoring within the dermal ISF, therefore drastically impacting the healthcare system. This review describes recent studies exploring MN devices for ISF sampling and sensing. Several extraction processes, sampling volume, sampling duration, integration with biosensors, sensing of biomarkers, and subsequent analysis of ISF are discussed in detail. Furthermore, opportunities, conclusions, and future prospects for developing new research in the field are also discussed.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Analysis of circulating non-coding RNAs in a non-invasive and cost-effective manner
- Author
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Wang, Yu-Min, Trinh, Michael Patrick, Zheng, Yongzan, Guo, Kaizhu, Jimenez, Luis A, and Zhong, Wenwan
- Subjects
Analytical Chemistry ,Chemical Sciences ,Biotechnology ,Genetics ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Good Health and Well Being ,Disease biomarker ,Non-coding RNA ,Liquid biopsy ,Extraction ,Purification ,Detection ,Quantification ,Point-of-care diagnostics ,Other Chemical Sciences ,Analytical chemistry - Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in regulation of gene expression, and are highly relevant to pathological development. They are found to be stably present in diverse body fluids, including those in the circulatory system, which can be sampled non-invasively for clinical tests. Thus, circulating ncRNAs have great potential to be disease biomarkers. However, tremendous efforts are desired to discover and utilize ncRNAs as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis, calling for technological advancement in analysis of circulating ncRNAs in biospecimens. Hence, this review summarizes the recent developments in this area, highlighting the works devoted to cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Three main directions are focused: 1) Extraction and purification of ncRNAs from body fluids; 2) Quantification of the purified circulating ncRNAs; and 3) Microfluidic platforms for integration of both steps to enable point-of-care diagnostics. These technologies have laid a solid foundation to move forward the applications of circulating ncRNAs in disease diagnosis and cure.
- Published
- 2019
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